Australian Researchers Discover Two New Species of Funnel-Web Spider

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A recent study has revealed that the Sydney funnel-web spider, previously believed to be a single species, actually comprises three distinct species. This significant finding allows scientists to better understand the variations in venom produced by these spiders, noted for being among the most venomous in the world.

Led by arachnologist Stephanie Loria from Germany's Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, the research identifies the new species as the Newcastle funnel-web spider and distinguishes it from the already recognized Southern Sydney funnel-web. The Newcastle funnel-web, known for its larger specimens, including an individual fondly named "Big Boy," was previously misclassified.

Understanding the differences in venom composition among these species could enhance existing antivenom treatments and open new avenues for pharmaceutical applications. Remarkably, since the introduction of an effective antivenom in 1981, no fatalities from funnel-web bites have occurred in Australia, despite 30 to 40 recorded bites annually.

The study emphasizes the ecological roles of funnel-web spiders and the need to protect these species amid declining populations. The findings aim to foster conservation efforts and improve knowledge about the biological diversity within this group of spiders.

The research has been published in the scientific journal BMC Ecology and Evolution.

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