Study Reveals Blood Group Variations May Have Contributed to Neanderthal Extinction

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A recent study published in the journal Scientific Reports has shed light on the potential reasons behind the extinction of Neanderthals, suggesting that unique blood group characteristics may have played a crucial role. Researchers at Aix-Marseille University analyzed the genomes of ancient populations, revealing that Neanderthals possessed a rare Rh blood group variant that could have been incompatible with early Homo sapiens during any interbreeding events, resulting in high risks of hemolytic disease in newborns.

Neanderthals, who existed for thousands of years, had limited diversity in their red blood cell antigens, which could have hindered their ability to adapt to changing environments compared to early humans. In contrast, modern humans exhibit a greater variety of red blood cell variants that evolved after leaving Africa, particularly while inhabiting the Persian Plateau.

Study lead author Stéphane Mazières emphasized that the lack of blood compatibility could have led to significant reproductive challenges for Neanderthals, particularly in mixed unions with early humans or Denisovans. This genetic analysis not only highlights the biological factors contributing to Neanderthal extinction but also aligns with archaeological findings regarding their population dynamics and diminishing numbers over time.

This research adds a new dimension to our understanding of humanity's evolutionary history and the complex interplay between genetics and survival.

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