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Researchers using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have observed the galaxy JADES-GS-z13-1, dating back only 330 million years after the Big Bang, a time when the universe was thought to be opaque. This finding, as reported in the journal Nature, raises questions about our understanding of cosmic history since such early light emissions should be concealed by neutral hydrogen, which absorbs light.
Despite prevailing theories, the JWST detected clear Lyman-alpha emissions from GS-z13-1, indicating that the galaxy may be a prolific source of ionizing photons, potentially stemming from massive, luminous Population III stars or an active supermassive black hole at its core. NASA and ESA researchers explained that the early reionization of the surrounding neutral hydrogen may have allowed its light to escape.
The discovery poses a significant challenge to astrophysicists, who expected Lyman-alpha emissions to emerge only after a billion years post-Big Bang, highlighting the complexity of universe formation and the need for further exploration.