Russia Under Putin: A 25-Year Journey of Authoritarianism and War

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December 31, 2024, marks 25 years since Vladimir Putin first assumed power in Russia, following Boris Yeltsin's resignation. Initially an unknown figure, Putin rapidly gained popularity with military campaigns, beginning with the Chechen war. His rise was facilitated by a tacit agreement with the Russian populace: in exchange for political apathy, they would enjoy a degree of stability. However, this Stability has morphed into a climate of internal repression, with more than 11,000 individuals prosecuted for voicing dissent during his current term.

The regime’s increasing authoritarianism has led to severe crackdowns on civil society, highlighted by the Kremlin’s manipulation of media and opposition. Significant events, such as the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the ongoing Ukraine war, illustrate how Putin's government has responded to both internal and external pressures. While public support for Putin remains polarized, it increasingly reflects a passive acceptance of authoritarian rule rather than genuine ideological alignment.

As the war in Ukraine continues, Putin’s regime faces a dual challenge: managing military engagements while suppressing dissent at home. Analysts warn that the political landscape is becoming increasingly fragile, with the potential for internal conflicts within the regime. Political experts suggest the existing social contract—where citizens refrain from political engagement in exchange for stability—could fracture as economic pressures mount.

With authoritarianism deeply entrenched, the future of Russia under Putin remains uncertain, particularly as civil liberties continue to erode and dissatisfaction grows among the populace.

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