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Researchers utilizing the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) have produced the most detailed map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to date, unveiling insights into the Universe's infancy approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang. This breakthrough, detailed in three preprint papers on arXiv, highlights significant advancements in understanding the mass and scale of the Universe, as well as the ongoing debate over the Hubble constant, which measures the Universe's expansion rate.
Dr. Suzanne Staggs from Princeton University remarked, "We are seeing the first steps towards making the earliest stars and galaxies," emphasizing the importance of high-resolution light polarization data gathered by ACT. The findings indicate that the observable Universe extends nearly 50 billion light-years from Earth and contains an estimated mass equivalent to around 1.9 trillion solar masses, with a substantial portion being composed of dark matter and dark energy.
Despite the new findings, tensions remain regarding the Hubble constant, as measurements of distant versus local expansion rates continue to diverge. "This is a problem that needs to be resolved," Staggs noted.