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NASA's Gaia spacecraft has discovered two massive celestial objects, Gaia-4b, an exoplanet with a mass twelve times that of Jupiter, and Gaia-5b, a brown dwarf approximately 21 times more massive than Jupiter. These findings were confirmed by follow-up observations from the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope in Tucson, Arizona, according to a report published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Gaia-4b is classified as a super-Jupiter and orbits its star, which is about 64% the mass of the sun, every 570 Earth days. Conversely, Gaia-5b orbits a smaller star, measuring around 34% of the sun's mass, within a similar time frame. Matthew Standing, an ESA research fellow, remarked that this discovery is only a fraction of what Gaia can unveil, hinting at a wealth of data expected from the spacecraft's mission. Since its launch in 2013, Gaia's precision in tracking stellar motion has positioned it as a significant tool for future exoplanet discoveries.
The findings mark a successful application of the astrometry technique, which measures the gravitational effects of planets on their host stars, leading to unprecedented insights into distant worlds.