James Webb Telescope Discovers Groundbreaking Molecule on 'Hell Planet' WASP-121b

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Astronomers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have identified several unexpected molecules, including silicon monoxide (SiO), in the atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-121b, marking its first detection in any planetary atmosphere. Findings were reported in studies published on June 2 in Nature Astronomy and The Astronomical Journal.

WASP-121b, a gas giant located approximately 880 light-years from Earth, is about 1.2 times more massive and 1.8 times wider than Jupiter. This extreme "hell planet" orbits its sun every 30.5 hours, with its day side reaching temperatures of around 5,500 degrees Fahrenheit (about 3,000 degrees Celsius). The presence of SiO suggests origins from silicate-rich materials that may have evaporated from asteroids within its atmosphere, according to Anjali Piette of the University of Birmingham.

The extraordinary resolution of the JWST allows researchers to deepen their understanding of gas giant atmospheres under extreme conditions. "Studying the chemistry of ultra hot planets like WASP-121b helps us to understand how gas giant atmospheres work," stated Joanna Barstow, a planetary scientist involved in the studies.

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