Global Elections in 2024: Democracy Faces Challenges and Resilience

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The year 2024 saw over 70 countries holding general elections, with nearly half of the world's population participating at the polls. This period served as a critical evaluation of global democracy, which currently faces significant threats from various sources, including wealthy elites and foreign interference, while also demonstrating remarkable resilience in some regions.

In the United States, the election of Donald Trump raised alarms over the state of democracy, highlighting issues such as extreme polarization, rampant disinformation, and the profound influence of money in politics. Kevin Casas-Zamora, secretary general of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, stated that these elements reflect the disturbing reality of plutocracy undermining democratic principles.

In contrast, countries like Senegal and Bangladesh showcased hopeful democratic movements. Senegal's citizens successfully mobilized against authoritarian challenges, leading to an inspiring victory for an opposition candidate. Similarly, Bangladesh witnessed a student-led movement resulting in a significant political shift, despite initial electoral setbacks.

Foreign interference emerged as another pressing concern during the elections, particularly in Eastern European nations like Romania and Georgia, where disinformation campaigns influenced electoral outcomes. Romania's presidential elections faced a re-vote due to detected irregularities tied to a foreign state actor, while Georgia's pro-Russian ruling party was criticized for undermining the democratic process amid public discontent.

Political violence also surged in various regions, with at least 26 of the 75 elections marred by violent incidents, reflecting the dangerous consequences of heightened political polarization.

Despite these challenges, public engagement in the electoral process remained high, with an average voter turnout of 61% globally, signaling a persistent hope in democracy. However, the proportion of women in political representation saw a downturn, emphasizing the ongoing struggle for gender parity in governance.

As nations continue to grapple with internal and external threats to democracy, the electoral landscape moving into 2025 will require robust strategies to defend against these forces and uphold democratic values globally.

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