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A study led by researchers from Toho University and Georgia Institute of Technology indicates that Earth's atmosphere may revert to a low-oxygen state within a billion years. According to environmental scientist Kazumi Ozaki, this shift could mirror conditions from approximately 2.4 billion years ago before the Great Oxidation Event. The research suggests that rising solar radiation will trigger a significant drop in atmospheric oxygen, potentially obliterating most life forms reliant on oxygen, including humans.
The team employed extensive simulations, estimating that the habitable period characterized by oxygen-rich conditions may last only 20-30% of Earth's total lifespan. As atmospheric oxygen declines, less carbon dioxide will result in fewer photosynthesizing organisms, exacerbating the oxygen shortage. Lead researcher Chris Reinhard noted that future Earth might transition to a methane-rich atmosphere devoid of ozone, favoring anaerobic life forms.
This study, part of the NASA NExSS project, emphasizes the importance of looking beyond oxygen for biosignatures in the search for extraterrestrial life. The findings were published in the journal Nature Geoscience.