Chinese Scientists Innovate Rocket Engine for Stealth Missiles

China is at risk of a significant water crisis following alarming findings regarding its glaciers, with a recent report revealing a 26% reduction in glacial area over the past 60 years. Approximately 7,000 glaciers have completely vanished, primarily in regions such as Tibet and Xinjiang, as per data published by the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research details that the total glacial area in China now covers about 46,000 square kilometers, a decline from over 59,000 square kilometers reported between 1960 and 1980. Environmental groups warn that continued melting will lead to reduced freshwater availability, potentially inciting competition for water resources and increasing the risk of climate-related disasters such as avalanches and landslides. UNESCO has noted that the fastest rate of glacial mass loss on record has occurred in the last three years, attributing this trend to climate change driven by fossil fuel consumption. As glaciers retreat, the implications for both local ecosystems and broader regional stability may intensify.

Surgeons in China have successfully conducted the world's first liver transplant from a genetically modified pig into a human recipient, marking a significant advancement in organ transplantation. The operation, performed at Xijing Hospital in Xi'an, involved a liver from a Bama miniature pig that had six key genes altered to enhance compatibility with the human immune system. According to results published in the journal Nature, the liver functioned normally, producing bile and essential proteins without signs of rejection in a brain-dead patient for an observation period of ten days, as confirmed by Professor Lin Wang, who led the research team. European experts have hailed the procedure as a major milestone that could potentially improve organ availability. Professor Ivan Fernandez Vega of the University of Oviedo in Spain remarked that optimizing this method could expand the donor organ pool and save lives in urgent liver cases. The Chinese team plans to conduct more experiments with brain-dead patients before moving to clinical trials with living recipients. This research comes at a time when over 600 patients in the UK await liver transplants, with average waiting times of three to four months for deceased organ donors.

Chinese doctors have successfully implanted a liver from a genetically modified pig into a brain-dead human for the first time, announcing the breakthrough in the journal *Nature*. Conducted on March 10, 2024, at the Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an, this procedure marks a significant step in addressing the global shortage of human liver donors. Pigs have increasingly been recognized as viable organ donors, with several successful kidney and heart transplants documented in the United States. Researchers believe gene-edited pigs could provide much-needed temporary relief for patients awaiting human liver transplants. The study involved an auxiliary transplant, allowing the patient to retain their original liver while monitoring the pig liver's function for ten days. The results showed that the pig liver performed well, producing bile and key proteins, according to Lin Wang, a co-author of the study. Experts caution that further research is essential before this approach can be considered a viable alternative to human donor organs. Peter Friend, a professor at Oxford University, called the results "valuable and impressive," but emphasized that they do not replace human liver transplants. Collaboration with U.S. researchers will continue to play a crucial role in advancing this promising field.