China Halts Rare Earth Exports, Intensifying Trade Tensions with the US

Chinese scientists have successfully reloaded fresh fuel into the world's first operational thorium molten salt reactor while it continued to run, marking a significant advancement in clean energy technology. This achievement was announced on April 8 during a closed-door meeting at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, according to project lead Xu Hongjie. Located in the Gobi Desert, the experimental reactor generates 2 megawatts of thermal power and utilizes molten salt to transport fuel and maintain heat, with thorium as the radioactive fuel source. Experts view thorium as a safer and more abundant alternative to uranium, theorizing that a single thorium-rich mine in Inner Mongolia could sustain China's energy needs for tens of thousands of years with less radioactive waste, as noted by Guangming Daily. Xu emphasized China’s leadership in nuclear energy innovation, stating, “We now lead the global frontier,” and highlighted the reactor’s potential in contributing to global energy solutions. Construction on the reactor began in 2018, expanding from a small team to over 400 researchers. Future projects include larger thorium reactors and thorium-powered ships, aimed at promoting zero-emission transport.

In a significant escalation of the trade war with the United States, China has halted the export of several critical rare earth elements and magnets, essential for a wide range of industries, including defense and electronics. This development, effective April 14, 2025, affects shipments globally, as the Chinese government drafts new export regulations, according to a report by The New York Times. China produces approximately 90% of the world’s rare earth elements, which are pivotal for manufacturing products from electric vehicles to military equipment. The export controls target seven categories of medium and heavy rare earths, such as samarium and dysprosium, which are vital for various technologies, including electric motors and advanced electronics. This move is viewed as retaliation against heightened tariffs imposed by the US, which currently has only one rare earths mine and heavily relies on imports from China. Industry leaders express concern about potential supply shortages due to delays in the new licensing system for exports. The increasing restrictions underline China’s strategic ability to influence global supply chains amid growing economic tensions.

Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has officially overtaken Tesla, marking a significant shift in the global EV market. In a recent report, BYD announced a record annual revenue of $107 billion for 2024, solidifying its position as the bestselling electric vehicle maker in the world, according to CNN Business. The achievement comes amid increasing demand for electric vehicles and heightened competition in the sector. BYD's growth can be attributed to its extensive range of affordable models and strategic investments in battery production. Both BYD and Tesla have been ramping up production capabilities to meet rising consumer demands; however, BYD's diverse offerings have resonated well with cost-conscious consumers. Tesla, led by CEO Elon Musk, had long dominated the electric vehicle landscape, but BYD's recent success has illustrated the rapidly evolving dynamics within the industry. Analysts suggest that continued innovation and consumer preferences will be crucial for both companies as they navigate the future of electric mobility.