Ancient Scrolls Revealed: AI Deciphers Charred Text from Herculaneum

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Researchers have successfully utilized artificial intelligence to digitally unroll and read an ancient scroll, known as PHerc. 172, which was severely damaged during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius nearly 2,000 years ago. This scroll is one of several discovered in a luxury villa in Herculaneum, Italy, believed to have belonged to Julius Caesar's father-in-law.

Dr. Brent Seales, co-founder of the Vesuvius Challenge, praised the achievement, noting, “This scroll contains more recoverable text than we have ever seen in a scanned Herculaneum scroll.” For the first time, the scroll reveals multiple columns of text, including the Ancient Greek word διατροπή, meaning "disgust," repeated twice.

The scrolls were initially unreadable due to extreme charring, but, thanks to advancements in 3D X-ray capabilities from Diamond, the UK’s national synchrotron facility, scholars at the University of Oxford can now explore these ancient writings. Richard Ovenden, Bodley’s librarian, emphasized the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting the intersection of classical scholarship with modern technology.

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