Scientists Uncover Remarkable 520-Million-Year-Old Fossil with Intact Brain and Guts

Scientists have successfully used advanced X-ray imaging and artificial intelligence to digitally "unwrap" a charred scroll from Herculaneum, providing a glimpse into its contents for the first time in 2,000 years. According to the project lead, Stephen Parsons, the scroll, which was severely burned during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, shows promise for revealing a full text believed to be philosophical in nature.
The scroll, found among hundreds of carbonized manuscripts in the ancient Roman town, was deemed too fragile for physical examination, making its preservation paramount. Researchers at the University of Oxford's Bodleian Library collaborated with the Diamond Light Source, where a powerful synchrotron X-ray beam penetrated the scroll without causing damage.
Parsons confirmed that some letters are already visible, and while the full text remains to be deciphered, earlier research indicated that another Herculaneum scroll contained Greek Epicurean philosophy. Nicole Gilroy, head of book conservation, emphasized the project's human connection, citing the collective effort in preserving and understanding ancient knowledge.